USO DA BIÓPSIA LÍQUIDA NA DETECÇÃO DE BIOMARCADORES MOLECULARES PARA O TRATAMENTO DO CÂNCER COLORRETAL: uma revisão narrativa
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Data
2022
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Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia
Resumo
O câncer colorretal (CCR) é considerado a segunda neoplasia maligna que mais causa mortalidade mundialmente. Em 2020, sua incidência global foi responsável por cerca de 10% dos cânceres diagnosticados, representando 5,25 milhões de casos no mundo. Sabe-se que o diagnóstico precoce e uma terapêutica adequada para o CCR melhoram a sobrevida e a taxa de cura dos pacientes.
Atualmente, o diagnóstico se baseia na presença de achados clínicos e na detecção de biomarcadores séricos, como o antígeno carcinoembrionário (CEA) e o antígeno CA19-9, estes também são úteis em termos de monitorização da resposta ao tratamento, além de achados histopatológicos e exames de imagem, métodos esses que variam em termos de sensibilidade e especificidade. A gênese do CCR pode estar relacionada a mutações genéticas somáticas adquiridas ou modificações epigenéticas. Dessa forma, a biópsia líquida surge como uma técnica promissora para o desenvolvimento e análise de novos marcadores moleculares e o conhecimento mais amplo da heterogeneidade tumoral e de mutações antes e após o tratamento de pacientes com câncer colorretal metastático, contribuindo assim para terapêuticas mais efetivas, alcançando melhores resultados em relação a sobrevida e refratariedade desses pacientes. Este estudo trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da literatura, que será desenvolvido a partir de método descritivo de busca e análise crítica, de pesquisas que correlacionem as vantagens do uso da biópsia líquida na detecção de biomarcadores para o tratamento do CCR. A busca pelos artigos será realizada nas seguintes bases de dados eletrônicas: Medline (via PubMed), Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), ASCO (American Society of Clinical Oncology) e American Cancer Society, disponíveis online, publicados no período de 2012 a 2022, com acesso via internet. Espera-se que esse trabalho possa servir de incentivo a novas pesquisas que associem o uso e a importância da biópsia líquida para melhorar o prognóstico de pacientes com CCR, através de tratamentos direcionados e mais efetivos.
Colorectal cancer CRC) is considered the second malignant neoplasm that causes more mortality worldwide. In 2020, its global incidence was responsible for about 10% of diagnosed cancers, representing 5.25 million cases worldwide. It is known that early diagnosis and adequate therapy for CRC improve patient survival and cure rate. Currently, the diagnosis is based on the presence of clinical findings and the detection of serum biomarkers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA19-9 antigen, these are also useful in terms of monitoring the response to treatment, in addition to histopathological findings and imaging tests, methods that vary in terms of sensitivity and specificity. The genesis of RCC may be related to acquired somatic genetic mutations or epigenetic modifications. Thus, liquid biopsy appears as a promising technique for the development and analysis of new molecular markers and a broader knowledge of tumor heterogeneity and mutations before and after treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, thus contributing to more effective therapies, achieving better results in relation to survival and refractoriness of these patients. This study is a narrative review of the literature, which will be developed from a descriptive method of search and critical analysis of research that correlates the advantages of using liquid biopsy in the detection of biomarkers for the treatment of CRC. The search for articles will be carried out in the following electronic databases: Medline (via PubMed), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), ASCO (American Society of Clinical Oncology) and American Cancer Society, available online, published from 2012 to 2022, with internet access. It is hoped that this work may serve as an incentive for further research that associates the use and importance of liquid biopsy to improve the prognosis of patients with CRC, through targeted and more effective treatments.
Colorectal cancer CRC) is considered the second malignant neoplasm that causes more mortality worldwide. In 2020, its global incidence was responsible for about 10% of diagnosed cancers, representing 5.25 million cases worldwide. It is known that early diagnosis and adequate therapy for CRC improve patient survival and cure rate. Currently, the diagnosis is based on the presence of clinical findings and the detection of serum biomarkers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA19-9 antigen, these are also useful in terms of monitoring the response to treatment, in addition to histopathological findings and imaging tests, methods that vary in terms of sensitivity and specificity. The genesis of RCC may be related to acquired somatic genetic mutations or epigenetic modifications. Thus, liquid biopsy appears as a promising technique for the development and analysis of new molecular markers and a broader knowledge of tumor heterogeneity and mutations before and after treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, thus contributing to more effective therapies, achieving better results in relation to survival and refractoriness of these patients. This study is a narrative review of the literature, which will be developed from a descriptive method of search and critical analysis of research that correlates the advantages of using liquid biopsy in the detection of biomarkers for the treatment of CRC. The search for articles will be carried out in the following electronic databases: Medline (via PubMed), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), ASCO (American Society of Clinical Oncology) and American Cancer Society, available online, published from 2012 to 2022, with internet access. It is hoped that this work may serve as an incentive for further research that associates the use and importance of liquid biopsy to improve the prognosis of patients with CRC, through targeted and more effective treatments.
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Cólon (anatomia) - Câncer., Biomarcadores, Biópsia líquida.
Citação
OLIVEIRA, Ana Clara Lopes de França; CARVALHO, Pablinny Moreira Galdino de (Orientadora). Uso da biópsia líquida na detecção de biomarcadores moleculares para o tratamento do câncer colorretal: uma revisão narrativa. Barreiras, BA, 2022. 54f. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação em Medicina) –. Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia. Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde. Barreiras, BA, 2022.